Advancing Primed Goal Research in Organizational Behavior
Corresponding Author
Xiao Chen
University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Address for correspondence: Dr. Xiao Chen, Faculty of Business, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGary P. Latham
University of Toronto, Canada
The author has cross-appointments in the Department of Psychology, Industrial Relations, and Nursing at the University of Toronto.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xiao Chen
University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Address for correspondence: Dr. Xiao Chen, Faculty of Business, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGary P. Latham
University of Toronto, Canada
The author has cross-appointments in the Department of Psychology, Industrial Relations, and Nursing at the University of Toronto.
Search for more papers by this authorWe thank Dr. Dana Joseph for her analysis of our data for evidence of publication bias. We also thank Dr. Ran Hassin for his constructive comments on an earlier draft of this paper.
Abstract
In this rejoinder, we address three issues discussed in the commentaries on our lead article: possible ethical issues in goal priming in organizational settings, whether goal priming is restricted to routine behaviors, and the relationship of goal priming with self-fulling prophecies and an organization’s climate. Finally, our data were examined by an independent researcher who tested for publication bias.
REFERENCES
- Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2003). The silence of the library: Environmental, situational norm, and social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 18–28.
- Albarracín, D. (2020). Action and inaction in a social world: Prediction and change of attitudes and behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Bargh, J.A. (2020). Unconscious goal pursuit in real-life organizations: Commentary on Chen, Latham, Piccolo, and Itzchakov (2020). Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12259
- Begg, C.B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994). Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics, 1088–1101.
- Chen, X., & Latham, G.P. (2014). The effect of priming learning vs. performance goals on a complex task. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 125, 88–97.
- Chen, X., Latham, G.P., Piccolo, R.F., & Itzchakov, G. (2020). An enumerative review and a meta-analysis of primed goal effects on organizational behavior. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12239
- Cohn, A., Fehr, E., & Maréchal, M.A. (2014). Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature, 516(7529), 86–89.
- Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56, 455–463.
- Egger, M., Smith, G.D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315, 629–634.
- Ferguson, C.J., & Brannick, M.T. (2012). Publication bias in psychological science: Prevalence, methods for identifying and controlling, and implications for the use of meta-analyses. Psychological Methods, 17, 120–128.
- Frese, M. (2020). Primed goals and primed actions: A commentary from an action theory point of view. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12271
- Itzchakov, G., & Latham, G.P. (2020). The moderating effect of performance feedback and the mediating effect of self-set goals on the primed goal–performance relationship. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 69, 379–414.
10.1111/apps.12176 Google Scholar
- Kepes, S., Banks, G.C., McDaniel, M., & Whetzel, D.L. (2012). Publication bias in the organizational sciences. Organizational Research Methods, 15, 624–662.
- Latham, G.P., Brcic, J., & Steinhauer, A. (2017). Toward an integration of goal setting theory and the automaticity model. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 66, 25–48.
10.1111/apps.12087 Google Scholar
- Latham, G.P., & Locke, E.A. (2018). Goal setting theory: Controversies and resolutions. In D.S. Ones, N. Anderson, C. Viswesvaran, & H.K. Sinangil (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of industrial, work & organizational psychology: Organizational psychology (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 145–166). Los Angeles: Sage Reference.
10.4135/9781473914957.n8 Google Scholar
- Latham, G.P., Stajkovic, A.D., & Locke, E.A. (2010). The relevance and viability of subconscious goals in the workplace. Journal of Management, 36, 234–255.
- Locke, E.A., & Latham, G.P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Nuijten, M.B., van Assen, M.A., Veldkamp, C.L., & Wicherts, J.M. (2015). The replication paradox: Combining studies can decrease accuracy of effect size estimates. Review of General Psychology, 19(2), 172–182.
- Rothstein, H.R., Sutton, A.J., & Borenstein, M. (2005). Publication bias in meta-analysis. In H.R. Rothstein, A.J. Sutton, & M. Borenstein (Eds.), Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustment (pp. 1–7). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
10.1002/0470870168 Google Scholar
- Schneider, B. (2020). Toward a more expansive view of priming in organizations: Reflections on Chen, Latham, Piccolo, and Itzchakov. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12258
